Guru Hargobind

About Guru Hargobind

Who is it?: Sixth Sikh Guru
Birth Day: June 19, 1595
Birth Place: Amritsar, Indian
Religion: Sikhism
Known for: List Building the Akal Takhat First Guru to engage in warfare Advising the Sikhs to take part in military training and martial arts Establishing Miri Piri Founding Kiratpur Sahib Fighting the following battles: Battle of Rohilla Battle of Kartarpur Battle of Amritsar (1634) Battle of Hargobindpur Battle of Gurusar Battle of Kiratpur
Other names: The Sixth Master Saccha Badshah The Master of Miri Piri
Spouse: Mata Damodari Mata Nanaki Mata Maha Devi
Children: Baba Gurdita, Baba Suraj Mal, Baba Ani Rai, Baba Atal Rai, Guru Tegh Bahadur, and Bibi Biro
Parents: Guru Arjan and Mata Ganga
Predecessor: Guru Arjan
Successor: Guru Har Rai

Guru Hargobind

Guru Hargobind was born on June 19, 1595 in Amritsar, Indian, is Sixth Sikh Guru. Guru Hargobind was the sixth of the Sikh gurus and the first one to engage in warfare. He is credited to have organized the first Sikh army which gave the community their military identity. He was highly wary of the Mughal forces as his father Guru Arjan Dev had been tortured and executed by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Assuming the Guru Gaddi at the young age of 11 after his father’s death, he chose to adorn himself with a sword rather than the Seli of Guru Nanak Dev which had been used previously by the earlier gurus. The brutal torture and execution of the peaceful and saintly Guru Arjan Dev necessitated that the Sikhs adopt a military tradition in order to face the Mughals and resist Islamic persecution. He greatly emphasized on training in martial arts for the Sikhs and he himself became an expert swordsman, wrestler, and rider. Under his able direction and guidance, the Sikhs fought several battles against the Mughal Emperor Jahangir’s army and emerged victorious. He strengthened the Sikh community, and with him as the leader, the community came to occupy a sort of independent state within the Mughal Empire. As the guru he established congregational prayers and sent his followers to distant places to spread the teachings of Sikhism.
Guru Hargobind is a member of Spiritual & Religious Leaders

Does Guru Hargobind Dead or Alive?

As per our current Database, Guru Hargobind has been died on 3 March 1644 (1644-03-04) (aged 48)\nKiratpur Sahib, Mughal Empire (Present day India).

🎂 Guru Hargobind - Age, Bio, Faces and Birthday

When Guru Hargobind die, Guru Hargobind was 48 years old.

Popular As Guru Hargobind
Occupation Spiritual & Religious Leaders
Age 48 years old
Zodiac Sign Leo
Born June 19, 1595 (Amritsar, Indian)
Birthday June 19
Town/City Amritsar, Indian
Nationality Indian

🌙 Zodiac

Guru Hargobind’s zodiac sign is Leo. According to astrologers, people born under the sign of Leo are natural born leaders. They are dramatic, creative, self-confident, dominant and extremely difficult to resist, able to achieve anything they want to in any area of life they commit to. There is a specific strength to a Leo and their "king of the jungle" status. Leo often has many friends for they are generous and loyal. Self-confident and attractive, this is a Sun sign capable of uniting different groups of people and leading them as one towards a shared cause, and their healthy sense of humor makes collaboration with other people even easier.

🌙 Chinese Zodiac Signs

Guru Hargobind was born in the Year of the Goat. Those born under the Chinese Zodiac sign of the Goat enjoy being alone in their thoughts. They’re creative, thinkers, wanderers, unorganized, high-strung and insecure, and can be anxiety-ridden. They need lots of love, support and reassurance. Appearance is important too. Compatible with Pig or Rabbit.

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Biography/Timeline

1595

According to Sikh tradition based on an old Punjabi manuscript Panjah Sakhian, Samarth Ramdas met Guru Hargobind (1595-1644) at Srinagar in the Garhval hills. The meeting, corroborated in a Marathi source, Ramdas Swami`s Bakhar, by Hanumant Swami, written in 1793, probably took place in the early 1630`s during Samarth Ramdas's pilgrimage travels in the north and Guru Hargobind`s journey to Nanakmata in the east. It is said that as they came face to face with each other, Guru Hargobind had just returned from a hunting excursion. He was fully armed and rode a horse. "I had heard that you occupied the Gaddi of Guru Nanak", said the Maratha saint Ramdas, and asked what sort of sadhu was he. Guru Hargobind replied, "Internally a hermit, and externally a Prince. Arms mean protection to the poor and destruction of the tyrant. Baba Nanak had not renounced the world but had renounced Maya".

1606

On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated Hargobind as his successor and instructed his son to start a military tradition to protect the Sikh people and always keep himself surrounded by armed Sikhs for protection. Shortly afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He put on two swords: one indicated his spiritual authority (piri) and the other, his temporal authority (miri). He followed his martyred father's advice and always kept himself surrounded by armed Sikhs for protection. The number fifty two was special in his life, and his retinue consisted of fifty two armed men. He thus founded the military tradition in the Sikh faith.

1609

Jahangir responded by jailing the 14 year old Guru Hargobind at Gwalior Fort in 1609, on the pretext that the fine imposed on Guru Arjan had not been paid by the Sikhs and Guru Hargobind. It is not clear as to how much time he spent as a prisoner. The year of his release appears to have been either 1611 or 1612, when Guru Hargobind was about 16 years old. Persian records, such as Dabistan i Mazahib suggest he was kept in jail for twelve years, including over 1617-1619 in Gwalior, after which he and his camp were kept under Muslim army's surveillance by Jahangir.

1611

It is unclear why he was released. Scholars suggest that Jahangir had more or less reverted to tolerant policies of Akbar by about 1611 after he felt secure about his throne, and the Sunnis and Naqshbandhi court officials at the Mughal court had fallen out of his favour. Another theory states that Jahangir discovered the circumstances and felt Guru Hargobind was harmless, so he ordered his release.

1627

During the reign of Shah Jahan that started in 1627, relations became bitter again. Shah Jahan was intolerant. He destroyed the Sikh baoli at Lahore. In 1628, Shah Jahan's hunting party plundered some of Guru Hargobind's property, which triggered the first armed conflict.

1634

Guru Hargobind's army fought battles with the Mughal armies of Shah Jahan at Amritsar, Kartarpur and elsewhere. Guru Hargobind defeated the Mughal troops near Amritsar in the Battle of Amritsar in 1634. The Guru was again attacked by a provincial detachment of Mughals, but the attackers were routed and their Leaders slain. Guru Hargobind also led his armies against the provincial Muslim governors. The Guru anticipated the return of a larger Mughal force, so retreated into Shivalik Hills to strengthen his defenses and army, with a base in Kiratpur where he continued to stay till his death.

1644

Shah Jahan attempted political means to undermine the Sikh tradition, by dividing and influencing the succession. The Mughal ruler gave land grants to Dhir Mal, living in Kartarpur, and attempted to encourage Sikhs to recognise Dhir Mal as the rightful successor to Guru Hargobind. Dhir Mal issued statements in favour of the Mughal state, and critical of his grandfather. Guru Hargobind died at Kiratpur Rupnagar, Punjab, on 19 March 1644, but before his death he rejected Dhir Mal and nominated Har Rai instead to succeed him as the Guru.

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